# Refractometry Ppt

This target is useful to help avoid accommodation. organic, inorganic, physical and applied chemistry, chemical engineering). Rash on cheeks and neck d. cycloplegic refraction a type of static refraction , measured after lens accommodation. Powerpoint, Access polarimetry, refractometry. Chromatography, spectrophotometry, spectroscopy, polarimetry, refractometry. High sensitivity fast response able to perform real-time measurements. the deviation of light in passing obliquely from one medium to another of different density. Normal plasma is clear or a pale straw-yellow color Cloudy Serum = lipemic Reddish tinge = hemolyzed Yellow = icteric (indicates possible liver disease) Concentration of total protein / total solids Plasma protein concentrations estimated by refractometry is an important component of the CBC in all species.  A refractometer is the instrument used to measure refractive index ("RI"). Theory of Refraction, (Angular) Light crossing from any transparent medium into another in which it has a different speed, is refracted i. You can change your ad preferences anytime. 5°C lower than the freezing point of the. POSTOPERATIVE FLUID MANAGEMENT • RECOMMENDATIONS –-Avoid dehydration and correct hypovolemia - Composition of fluid to be administered should be a compromise between sodium, energy requirements and osmolarity. - Beware of hidden fluid administration (drugs). Both sensor types may show a huge index induced spectral shift. Full text of "The Clinical Diagnosis of Internal Diseases" See other formats. Combination of high-performance refractometry and infrared spectroscopy as a probe for chemically induced gelation and vitrification of epoxies. It can be used to characterize and locate faults in metallic cables (for example, twisted pair wire or coaxial cable). DHOBALE M-PHARMACY - SEMESTER-1 YEAR 2014-15 Padm. 5 °C, but that may be incorrect if the density follows a curve. Supply Chain: The Young Living Essential Oils Sourcing Standard applies to all stages of the Young Living essential oil supply chain, including farms, wildcrafting operations, processing facilities (e. INTRODUCTION. PPT refraksi Nafila. X-ray Lab, Room 117. One physical phenomenon which enables precise determination of a sample's RI in a microscope is the supercritical-angle fluorescence. Column packings offer greater resistance to flow of liquids in comparison to gases. 𝜇 is the coefficient of absorption. Look it up now!. Soil is full of spaces between the grains of material. Structure of This Guide The Waters 2410 Differential Refractometer Operator's Guide is divided into. The amount by which the light is refracted determines the refractive index. The difference between predicted and final refraction was measured and. Whether it‘s in-process inspections, tests concerning product quality or declaration and labeling examinations – in many cases, moisture determination is included as part of the standard inspections. Topography and refractometry of sperm cells using spatial light interference microscopy Lina Liu, a,b Mikhail E. In addition, there is no information regarding the effects of caffeine on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). 303354 Analytical Chemistry II Somsak Sirichai Lectures: Tuesday 1. renal function is a highly complex area of physiology that is often challenging for students to comprehend (7, 8).  A refractometer is the instrument used to measure refractive index ("RI"). Purpose To examine the prevalence of refractive errors and prevalence and causes of vision loss among preschool and school children in East China. 3 ppt seawater. In contrast, instrumental methods typically depend on the measurement of a physical property of the analyte. Nov 30, 2016 - Explore nfib's board "Young Entrepreneurs", followed by 3241 people on Pinterest. You look at a chart, usually 20 feet away, or in a mirror that makes things look like they’re 20 feet away. another detection method (refractometry, amperometry, conductance, MS) or operation in the indirect detection mode. LAB 10: OPTICAL MATERIALS AND DISPERSION II. Lastly, choosing a refractometer requires an appreciation for precision, accuracy, and reproducibility. , 200093 Shanghai, China. 1 The Abbé Refractometer. The AR pumps out a prescription according the the eye measurements that it makes. universidad veracruzana. A cookie is a simple small file sent with the pages of this website and stored by your browser on the hard disk of your computer. The amino acid subunits of proteins are organic molecules that include a carboxylic acid linked through a carbon atom to a primary (or secondary, in proline) amine with the chemical formula H 2 N-CHR-COOH, in which R is a side group that largely determines the chemical properties of the amino acid. Leave syringes in the tray (if real urine was used dispose of used syringe/s in a clinical waste bin) 5. The HI96822 is a rugged, portable digital refractometer designed for the measurement of salinity of natural or artificial seawater. The general usage of the tracks (columns) on a mudlog are outlined here. We studied the possible interactions of these. In the inertial dissipation method, ﬂuctuations of. C310 * * Course Description: Teach fundamental of instrumentation analysis Spectrochemical analysis Electrochemical analysis Chromatographic analysis Capillary Electrophoresis UV-VIS, IR, Fluorescence & Phosphorescence, AA, ICP, X-ray, NMR, MS Potentiometry, Coulometry, Voltammetry GC, HPLC. This effect is observed when the fluorescence from an emitter near a glass-medium interface is. A refractometer is the instrument used to measure refractive index ("RI"). Pore water salinity and chloride were measured on board, respectively by refractometry with a precision of ±0. Sonora Quest Laboratories – Tempe AZ. 1963-01-01. Factors affecting RI measurement: Factors affecting RI measurement Temperature of the liquid Inverse relation For organic liquids RI decreases by approximately 0. KRÜSS has two classic Abbe refractometers, the AR4 and the AR2008. Urinalysis used to take up a large amount of lab staff’s precious time – selecting which samples need which; manual test strip testing, reading the results and then entering the results into the database. LABORATORY 4 Fractional Distillation Concept goals: Role of fractionating column and when such a column is necessary, refraction of light by molecules. concentration or total solids (TS) by refractometry. The unique advantage of the technology is survivability in harsh environments. Polarized light microscopes have a high. The process is repeated in at least three meridians of the eye and the autorefractor calculates the refraction of the eye, sphere, cylinder and axis. Theory of Refraction, (Angular) Light crossing from any transparent medium into another in which it has a different speed, is refracted i. Access study documents, get answers to your study questions, and connect with real tutors for MGC ------ : Geology at Adamson University. The simplest way of doing this is by the immersion method Immersion Method The immersion method relies on having immersion oils of known refractive index and comparing the unknown mineral to the oil. ADVERTISEMENTS: This article throws light upon the three methods used for separation of particles in centrifugation. Analytical Chemistry • Internal interfaces with other chemical areas (e. Innovation is impatient. Rapid measurements - results generated in less than a minute. The size of large particles (proteins, sugars) may therefore interfere with accurate refractometry readings. Baixe no formato PPT, PDF, TXT ou leia online no Scribd. Determination of saltiness in food can be made by refractometry, ion-selective electrodes, conductivity, and titration [48, 49]. This allows taking SoC readings with a steady parasitic load of 30A. Snell's law • describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, • Snell's law is used to determine the direction of light rays through refractive media with varying indices of refraction. Y1 - 2013/4/19. Change themes in your PowerPoint presentation. Refractometry is the method of measuring the refractive index of substances. A complex apparatus appears to coordinate trafficking of proteins and lipids during myelin synthesis, but the molecular interactions involved are not well understood. To study the variation of refractive index with (a) temperature of the liquid sample. com) Diplomate, American Board of Pathology. OTDR Trace Analysis of Networks OTDR traces are analyzed to provide information about the loss of a network & whether or not the loss is increasing with time due to introduction of faults (sharp bend, breaks) or the degradation of components (splices, couplers, WDMs etc. Automated refractometry, AR, is the way that we get an objective refraction. Term „norm” & „pathology” of visual organ. Water Soluble Solutions (e. Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a genetic disorder of lipoprotein metabolism characterized by variable elevations in plasma lipid levels, 1 VLDL, and LDL. Rash on cheeks and neck d. It has been previously demonstrated, utilizing intraspecific introgression lines, that Lycopersicum Invertase5 (LIN5), which encodes a cell wall invertase, controls total soluble solids content in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ). - Performing sample preparation and physical and chemical analysis on engine fluid samples by using manual and automated dilution, automated titration, FTIR, ICP/OES, GC-FID, Particle Count, pH, conductivity, and refractometry. Whether you are a beginning technician looking for a basic overview or an experienced examiner in search of a clear-cut review, "Optics, Retinoscopy, and Refractometry, Second Edition" will suit all your optics. Log headings. A comprehensive eye exam is a collection of a bunch of different tests used to diagnose disease and vision impairments. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Carey Lee’s connections and jobs at similar companies. Column packings offer greater resistance to flow of liquids in comparison to gases. The main parts of the Abbé refractometer which uses this principle are shown in Figure 28. At birth, there is an excess of extra-cellular water (ECW), and this decreases over the first few days after birth. 3- Pressure. Content: Section 1. Calves (n=100) were allocated in birth order to one of two commonly used feeding strategies. Lecture 3: Temperature, Salinity, Density and Ocean Circulation _____ Two of the most important characteristics of seawater are temperature and salinity – together they control its density, which is the major factor governing the vertical movement of ocean waters. Securely close the urine pot 4. Direct smears should be made if the cell count is >10,000/µl or if the fluid is turbid or bloody. 1 Definition Astigmatism (from the Greek a meaning absence and stigma meaning point) is a. The 2 major types of protein present in the serum are albumin and the globulin proteins. We present the numerical design of a turn-around-point long-period grating in a photonic crystal fiber (TAP PCFLPG) for high-sensitivity, high-resolution refractometry of gases. Refractometry. EYE REFRACTION is a simulator mobile applications (App) that works as a fast, straightforward and interactive interface tool for. Degrees brix (symbol °bx) is the sugar content of an aqueous solution. You can now define the testing process for each sample. introduction. T1 - Integrated optics refractometry: sensitivity in relation to spectral shifts. Published 17 August 2010 • IOP Publishing and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Alexei Petrov, Vladimir Petrov, Massimo De Benedetti, Onofrio Tudisco (FTU). Battery state-of-charge can also be estimated with impedance spectroscopy using the Spectro™ complex modeling method. optical sensors. Immunoglobulins were quantitated by single radial immunodiffusion in 34 female Holstein-Friesian calves which had been kept with their dams for the first 24. THE OPTOMETER PRINCIPLE :- Optometer is an instrument to measure the limit of disinct vision. Refractometry Refractometry is the analytical method of measuring substances' refractive index (one of their fundamental physical properties) in order to, for example, assess their composition or purity. Microscopy. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data. A refractometer is the instrument used to measure refractive index ("RI"). The L1 major capsid proteins of six human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) strains were expressed in insect cells by using recombinant baculoviruses. Methods The Beijing Pedriatic Eye Study was a population-based cross-sectional study, in which one school of each level (primary, junior high, senior high) was randomly selected from nine randomly selected districts out of 18 districts of Greater Beijing. [1] , [20] This creates a typical pattern of bands which depends on the light waves arriving in or out of phase of each other, which in turn will depend on the gaseous medium's refractive index and concentration. Fractional distillation is a process by which components in a chemical mixture are separated into different parts (called fractions) according to their different boiling points. Geometrical optics, or ray optics, describes light propagation in terms of "rays". Basic Principles By R BARE. The methodology established took into account the screening for biochemical traits desirable in a yeast cachaça producer, such as no H2S production, high tolerance. Savitribai phule pune UNIVERSITY SEMINAAR ON Miss. KpBest is a pentamer that forms a five-helix transmembrane pore, closed by three. Indicated as : Brief History & Preview History Preview Ernst Abbé is a German scientist who was first to develop Abbe's. the deviation of light in passing obliquely from one medium to another of different density. The SEC elution profiles as monitored by refractometry (RI) are represented for UPF3B. $$\pu{1 ppt(w/v)} = \pu{1000 mg/L}$$ $$\pu{1 ppt(w/w) = 1000 mg/kg = \frac{\pu{1000 mg/L}}{ \rho(\pu{g/mL})} }$$. T1 - Integrated optics refractometry: sensitivity in relation to spectral shifts. Share yours for free!. Put the refractometer back in its box 3. Column packings offer greater resistance to flow of liquids in comparison to gases. Jyoti Puri 2. 2005 Nutramedix European Conference Hotel Palace Praha Prague, Czech Republic November 4-5 , 2005 Reversal Of Chronic Lyme Borreliosis With New Natural Therapies. Spatial Light Interference Microscopy (SLIM) is a novel method developed in our laboratory that provides quantitative phase images of transparent structures with 0. Carbonated beverages contain dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2). Das Refraktometer ist ein Messgerät zur Bestimmung des Brechungsindex von – flüssigen oder festen – transparenten Stoffen durch Refraktometrie. 3 ppt seawater. Biometry was performed using MRI in 33 patients (MRI group) and A-scan echography in 37 patients (A-scan group). Unlike the old definition, refractometry code 84160 is for total protein from any source. It is being used in many experiments which involved DNA, RNA, and protein isolation. Thus eddy correlation measurements are not routinelyobtainedovertheocean;rathertheyareused in air–sea interaction experiments to calibrate other ﬂux estimation methods. Inventado por William Hyde Wollaston, em 1802, teve em Ernst Abbe seu desenvolvedor para um modelo prático. refractometer amazon The refractive index is a physical property that is characteristic of a pure compound. Welcome - Hi, my name is Rich Harrington, and thanks for joining me. Subject: Image Created Date: 20081009130707-0600. 3m 43s Embed fonts. METTLER TOLEDO is a leading global manufacturer of precision instruments. Regarding affordability and portability, hand refractometry is more convenient and has been successfully applied in clinical trials 4 , 5 , 9 , 18 , 22 and even in the. One scale checks the NaCl levels with the range of 0-100 ppt (with 1 ppt scale divisions) and the other scale gauges Specific Gravity with a range of 1. OTDR Trace Analysis of Networks OTDR traces are analyzed to provide information about the loss of a network & whether or not the loss is increasing with time due to introduction of faults (sharp bend, breaks) or the degradation of components (splices, couplers, WDMs etc. Bloch, Rene; Walters, D. Wheeler, c, d,e and. cycloplegic refraction a type of static refraction , measured after lens accommodation. The AAO video on Refractometry will be shown as part of this presentation. Instrument works on the critical angle principle, utilizing lenses and prisms to. How works this curious “kink-thing” with the refractive index and refractometers? How do refractometers provide information about the sugar content in drinks? How refractometers determine purity and concentration of ingredients. Research Grade NMR. He is Verywell's Senior Medical Advisor. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bowler, M. The simplest way of doing this is by the immersion method Immersion Method The immersion method relies on having immersion oils of known refractive index and comparing the unknown mineral to the oil. Kaifa industry co. 0261 instead of about 1. The cone of light. 1 INTRODUCTION. Theory of Refraction, (Angular) Light crossing from any transparent medium into another in which it has a different speed, is refracted i. Refractive index is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in another substance is defined as the index of refraction or refractive index (n) for the substance. >This tester features an amperometric graphite electrode that provides better repeata. ; Kuhn, Werner. Refractometry-based detection uses the photoelastic principle, which states that. This target is useful to help avoid accommodation. pdf - Contents Introduction 1 Test one 3 Test two 17 Test three 30 Test four 46 Test five 61 Test six 75 Test seven 90 Test eight 105 Test nine 119 Test ten 135. OPTI 20 2L - Geometrical and Instrumental Optics Lab 10-1. URINALYSIS (MLT 305) LECTURE TWO Dr. When you buy a HANNA product, you’re not only buying the best value for your money, but you’re also adding the. 0261 instead of about 1. Das Refraktometer ist ein Messgerät zur Bestimmung des Brechungsindex von – flüssigen oder festen – transparenten Stoffen durch Refraktometrie. Like a melting. Hanna Instruments offers our Digital Refractometer for Seawater Analysis (HI96822) which is perfect for saltwater aquariums as it can measure in Practical Salinity Units, parts-per-thousand (ppt) or specific gravity. Tonometry is an eye test that can detect changes in eye pressure long before you may be aware of them. Far Point (FP) is the farthest point at which objects can be seen clearly. Chemically speaking, sugar is a term for any short-chain, sweet-tasting carbohydrate. To our knowledge, this is the first study using human airway samples to explore the effect/harm of e-cigarette use on the airways. 1 is introduced. Time domain reflectometry measurement principles and applications Scott B. As a result, the osmolality of different types of samples like soft. The recombinant protein was found to. Naga Navya1, D. 9 ppt is optimal for keeping red blood cell in an isotonic environment. The Abbe instrument is the most convenient and widely used refractometer, Fig(1) shows a schematic diagram of its optical system. 03 nm temporal accuracy owing to the white light illumination and its common path interferometric geometry. X-ray source I 15 ˘150kV, recti ed AC I 50 ˘400mA anode current I tungsten wire (200 m) cathode, heated to ˘2200 C I anode rotates at 3000 rpm I molybdenum or thungsten-rhenium anode. Plug samples of sediment were taken from centers of cores and squeezed in a hydraulic press to separate pore water for chemical analyses. when SG is high, more H+ released, making acidic environ. FREE Shipping on eligible orders. In drug diagnostics, a refractometer is used to measure the specific gravity of human urine. A refractometer is most often used to determine the characteristics of a liquid sample. And search more of iStock's library of royalty-free stock images that features Cataract photos available for quick and easy download. The specific rates of substrate consumption, product formation, and biomass synthesis, calculated during the exponential growth phase, represented the carbon. A sodium chloride solution with the same refractive index as 35 ppt seawater (which turns out to be 36. Principle of Colorimetry: Colorimetry is a widely used technique applied in biological system. U Müller 1,4, M Philipp 1, P-C Gervais 1, W Possart 2, C Wehlack 2, J Kieffer 3, R Sanctuary 1 and J K Krüger 1. 0261 instead of about 1. A sol with a 10. The former ($\pu{ppt w/v as 1000 mg/L}$) is more probable, but check it. EYE REFRACTION is a simulator mobile applications (App) that works as a fast, straightforward and interactive interface tool for. FSU Alumni shared a post on Instagram: “When the people of Puerto Rico had their lives turned upside down by Hurricane Maria, Dr. --Extensive lit. 3, Bremen 28359, Germany. refraction: [ re-frak´shun ] the act or process of refracting; specifically, the determination of the refractive errors of the eye and their correction with glasses. 7000 for most compounds, and is normally determined to five digit precision. Clinical biochemistry refers to the analysis of the blood plasma (or serum) for a wide variety of substances—substrates, enzymes, hormones, etc—and their use in diagnosis and monitoring of disease. Hermatology of common nondomestic mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians -- section 4. X-ray definition at Dictionary. 500 experiment set-ups. Equipment Maintenance and Repair. So this type of refractometer, when perfectly calibrated, will read the specific gravity of 35 ppt seawater to be a bit low, at 1. We employ a team of industry experienced CMP professionals and bring their knowledge to bear on every customer interaction. 5 donor cells was put in coculture, with uninfected Huh‐7. In the photothermal measurements, a tunable QCL. To study the variation of refractive index with (a) temperature of the liquid sample. 2 Patients with FCHL have increased production of apoB, the major protein component of VLDL and LDL. Hence the name flame photometry. Calculation time & Print out time Calculation time & Print out time Calculation time & Print out time KR-8000PA SUPRA Previous model Faster for You; Easier on Your Patients 70% Faster on Mapping Output. The size of large particles (proteins, sugars) may therefore interfere with accurate refractometry readings. Entrepix' extensive CMP expertise, capabilities, and facilities allow us to greatly reduce development time, capital investment, and project risks for new users of CMP. So this type of refractometer, when perfectly calibrated, will read the specific gravity of 35 ppt seawater to be a bit low, at 1. C310 * * Course Description: Teach fundamental of instrumentation analysis Spectrochemical analysis Electrochemical analysis Chromatographic analysis Capillary Electrophoresis UV-VIS, IR, Fluorescence & Phosphorescence, AA, ICP, X-ray, NMR, MS Potentiometry, Coulometry, Voltammetry GC, HPLC. OUTLINE SPECIFIC FEATURES PROBLEMS, TASKS PROGRESS. Moisture content is derived from the loss of product weight during drying by measuring the change in mass of a sample while being heated at a controlled rate until no more change in weight is observed. 3 ppt seawater. The law of refraction was mathematically formulated first by Ibn Sahl in 984. }, abstractNote = {Here, a new method of analysis for angular filter refractometry images was developed to characterize. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR). So much of what we see in internal medicine is vascular related and so viewing the fundus is a great way to get a sense for the patient’s overall vasculature. --Well defined methodology with specific leveling criteria--Grade B recommendation: only one level I study referenced McClave, Snider (2002) North American Summit on. Los angeles county (city starts with d k), Work permit application png, Mass, Material safety data sheet fppi, Updated sbc template united states, General english, Lp 4/7 state of california, Fisher price 5 in 1 pdf, By density and refractometry, Sulfonation and sulfation processes chemithon, Boost software download, A vision for recognition of. N2 - A new variant of the Vernier-effect based sensor reported in ref. RI (refractometry) is also used as a general, nonspecific, method of detection in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Refractómetro (pt) ou refratômetro (pt-BR), é um instrumento óptico utilizado para medir o índice de refração de uma substância translúcida. com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Column packings offer greater resistance to flow of liquids in comparison to gases. Selecting the right refractometer depends on your need for accuracy, sample throughput, location of the measurement, and interoperability with other instruments, and requirements for data handling and processing. , Spokane, WA 99207 INTRODUCTION Slope stability accidents are one of the leading causes of fatalities at U. The aim of this study was to compare a digital and an optical analogue hand-held refractometer for the measurement of canine USG, and to assess. Gas analysis. The refractive index is a unitless number, between 1. queirÓs, r. Antifreeze Refractometer - 3-in-1 coolant Tester for Checking Freezing Point, Concentration of Ethylene Glycol or Propylene Glycol Based Automobile Antifreeze Coolant and Battery Acid Condition. Add onto your product list and. The indices of refraction of the media, labelled n1, n2 and. technical proceedings of the sugar industry technologists, inc. Naylor JM, Kronfeld DS. Paramagnetic oxygen analysers are the most common form of oxygen analyser used in the operating theatre. Geometrical optics is often simplified by making the paraxial approximation or "small angle approximation. there are a lot of different sugars, e. We studied the possible interactions of these. The HI-96822 digital refractometer is a rugged, portable, water resistant device that utilises the measurement of the refractive index to determine the salinity of natural and artificial seawater, ocean water or brackish intermediates. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine ingestion on muscle soreness, blood enzyme activity, and performance after a bout of elbow flexion/extension exercise. Savitribai phule pune UNIVERSITY SEMINAAR ON Miss. NATA/NWCA Wrestling Weight Management Optimal Performance Calculator National Athletic Trainers Association Conference Anaheim, CA Mike Moyer – NWCA NWCA Background History Of Weight Management 1997- Three college wrestlers died while engaged in unsafe “weight loss” activities 1999 - The NCAA Medical Advisory Committee established and mandated a comprehensive weight certification program. Name the plasma proteins measured on a routine chem profile. 500 experiment set-ups. 0261 instead of about 1. ANALYSIS OF TOMATO PASTE October 1994 Introduction The analysis of tomato paste and puree is an application where the GPR refractometer excels. All studies were performed in rats in accordance with applicable portions of the Animal Welfare Act (PL 99-158 as amended) and the guidelines prescribed in Department of Health and Human Services publication No. Some sizes are Prime eligible. Securely close the urine pot 4. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine ingestion on muscle soreness, blood enzyme activity, and performance after a bout of elbow flexion/extension exercise. In the 19th century, Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) offered the first explanation for the sky's brilliant blue color (on a clear day!). Pravallika1, D. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) is the underlying predisposing risk factor for most early losses in dairy calves. Most instruments available are designed for use with white light but are calibrated to give the refractive index in terms of the D line of sodium light. Yet truly quantitative TIRF remains problematic. Carey Lee has 3 jobs listed on their profile. *refractometry testing McClave et al. Theory of Refraction, (Angular) Light crossing from any transparent medium into another in which it has a different speed, is refracted i. Starting with the right eye, shine the retinoscopy streak into the patient’s eye and move it from side to side. DHOBALE M-PHARMACY - SEMESTER-1 YEAR 2014-15 Padm. Geometrical optics, or ray optics, describes light propagation in terms of "rays". Refractometry, Retinoscopy, Refinement 6. Zaharna Clin. PY - 2013/4/19. The Hanna Instruments HI 96822 refractometer is a portable meter for measuring salinity levels in natural and artificial waters. Broken blood vessels around the nose b. ($150 and OSA goodie bag) Robert Campbell Refractometry , 11th Grade Murphy High School, Sponsor Wanda Griffis, Mobile. Anton Paar Wiki. Ocular Motility 7. Wallace, Brenna D. The examiner uses a retinoscope to shine light into the patient's eye and observes the reflection (reflex) off the patient's retina. Key features Mobile in use and proven a thousand times over Handheld refractometers are barely bigger than a torch and can be used anywhere in mobile applications. "Powerpoint presentations can be a good resource for a refresher course but never for primary learning": Prof. From carbohydrates and sugar substitutes, to vitamins and additives, we are unique in our commitment to provide fast, accurate testing and labelling information for all applications in this industry. Two of the ceramic materials, IPS Empress and Lava Ultimate, were affected significantly by the treatment of the mouthrinse solutions (P<. When the composition of the IS was corrected for proteins that were most likely derived from saliva, serum, and migratory cells, there was considerable similarity between the two secretions, in particular, in the category of host defense. ) - 522213, Andhra Pradesh State, India. The ygbB gene of E. spectroscopy, refractometry and polarometry. To this end, cycloplegic eye drops will be used to temporarily paralyze the ciliary body, or focusing muscle, of the eyes. 2/ Becke-line Method - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow. You look at a chart, usually 20 feet away, or in a mirror that makes things look like they’re 20 feet away. ppt High-resolution To further investigate the operating performance of the proposed potentiostat, 50 μ l of 5 mM ferrocyanide electrolytic solution was used on DropSense (DS-110) sensors, and the cyclic voltammetry results (third cycle) were recorded when a voltammetry input of different scan rates was applied on the solution. O P D - E X P E R I E N C E 3. Many cells contain two (or more) gap junction proteins that are able to oligomerize with each other to form heteromeric gap junction channels and influence the properties of intercellular communication. 0001 for water Thermometer and water cooling system provision Temperature dependence of refractive index for selected. One physical phenomenon which enables precise determination of a sample’s RI in a microscope is the supercritical-angle fluorescence. into the material with the higher RI. Es nutzt dafür das Verhalten von Licht am Übergang zwischen einem Prisma mit bekannten Eigenschaften und dem zu prüfenden Stoff. Refractive index is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in another substance is defined as the index of refraction or refractive index (n) for the substance. 28 g/ml) and one at 1. Geometrical optics, or ray optics, describes light propagation in terms of "rays". NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bowler, M. Contact an expert with questions at 800. PowerPoint Presentation: 2. Pravallika1, D. Proteins differ from each other according to the type, number and sequence of amino acids that make up the polypeptide backbone. , distilleries), as well as Young Living-owned facilities. Refractometry is considered the gold standard, and is the criterion technique, for the measurements of USG. PowerPoint Presentation Last modified by:. Results from these calculations are shown in Table 1. The second method relies on the measurable trapping potential of these beads in the focused light beam (laser tweezers). Theory of Refraction, (Speed) 2. Abbe’s Refractometer. Schreiber, Henry F. We present the numerical design of a turn-around-point long-period grating in a photonic crystal fiber (TAP PCFLPG) for high-sensitivity, high-resolution refractometry of gases. The pharmaceutical analysis is a branch of chemistry, which involves the series of process for the identification, determination, quantitation, and purification. Polarized light is a contrast-enhancing technique that improves the quality of the image obtained with birefringent materials when compared to other techniques such as darkfield and brightfield illumination, differential interference contrast, phase contrast, Hoffman modulation contrast, and fluorescence. refracted) when it moves from air into a sample and is typically used to determine the index of refraction (" refractive index " or " n ") of a liquid sample. It operates based on the principle of refraction. Refractometry is also used to determine the sugar content, which relates to the density of the solution. introduction. This procedure is called. The methodology established took into account the screening for biochemical traits desirable in a yeast cachaça producer, such as no H2S production, high tolerance. 3 ppt seawater. Phase contrast microscopy, first described in 1934 by Dutch physicist Frits Zernike, is a contrast-enhancing optical technique that can be utilized to produce high-contrast images of transparent specimens such as living cells, microorganisms, thin tissue slices, lithographic patterns, and sub-cellular particles (such as nuclei and other organelles). The phase separation was also observed by visual inspection. EXCLUSIVELY FOR YOU. The HI96822 displays results in three popular measurement units: Practical Salinity Units (PSU), salinity in parts per thousands (ppt) and specific gravity (S. Medicinal gels, colors, emulsions, creams, and oils are examples from other industries. Share yours for free!. ADVERTISEMENTS: This article throws light upon the three methods used for separation of particles in centrifugation. Moisture and Total Solids Ash Protein Analysis Vitamin Analysis Lipid (Fat) Analysis Carbohydrate Analysis Secondary Metabolites and Nutraceuticals. Get concise, plain-language ophthalmic definitions and concepts. Open the prism assembly and remove the tissue. ppt High-resolution To further investigate the operating performance of the proposed potentiostat, 50 μ l of 5 mM ferrocyanide electrolytic solution was used on DropSense (DS-110) sensors, and the cyclic voltammetry results (third cycle) were recorded when a voltammetry input of different scan rates was applied on the solution. Starting with the right eye, shine the retinoscopy streak into the patient’s eye and move it from side to side. 00 for a package of 100. LAB 10: OPTICAL MATERIALS AND DISPERSION II. I is the intensity. Bench-top instruments such as the Abbe Mark III Refractometer (Reichert, NY, USA) and the Standard Abbe Refractometer from Edmund Optics (Barrington, NJ, USA) are generally more accurate. Wipe up any spills and leave the area clean and. Our Digital. 29682048076927. The general usage of the tracks (columns) on a mudlog are outlined here. ($150 and OSA goodie bag) Robert Campbell Refractometry , 11th Grade Murphy High School, Sponsor Wanda Griffis, Mobile. study Material, lecturing Notes, assignment, reference, wiki, description, explanation, brief detail and important questions and answers Important Que. Surface plasmon resonance ( SPR) is the resonant oscillation of conduction electrons at the interface between negative and positive permittivity material stimulated by incident light. PowerPoint Presentation Last modified by:. 2 Fundamentals. The AR gathers information about the eye. Paramagnetic oxygen analysers are the most common form of oxygen analyser used in the operating theatre. ) 6 n Education, Training, Certification, and Accreditation. It was invented by a Czech chemist, Jaroslav Heyrovský, in 1922. The low cost models within the E-line range of handheld optical refractometers are specifically suited for light industrial use within small to medium sized businesses and by hobbyists handling fruit, beverages, confectionery, jam, honey (see water-in-honey measurements) and other sugar based products as well as for calculating concentration or blend ratios of heat transfer fluids like glycol. txt) or view presentation slides online. @article{osti_1407114, title = {Angular filter refractometry analysis using simulated annealing [An improved method for characterizing plasma density profiles using angular filter refractometry]}, author = {Angland, P. And if it is to high how should it be done lowered -R. $$\pu{1 ppt(w/v)} = \pu{1000 mg/L}$$ $$\pu{1 ppt(w/w) = 1000 mg/kg = \frac{\pu{1000 mg/L}}{ \rho(\pu{g/mL})} }$$. The pore. Online classes for NEET,JEE,GATE and NET & JRF Chemistry(Hindi) Daily Series for SSC CGL and Other Competitive Exams by Mr Satbir Singh follow me on unacadem. Clinical significance: Through osmotic pressure, serum protein is involved in the. Lowering the stage from F 1 to F 2, the Becke line will appear to move out of the grain into the oil, i. X-ray Lab, Room 117. This Letter demonstrates a refractometer in integrated optical fiber, a new optical platform that planarizes fiber using flame hydrolysis deposition (FHD). Gas modulation refractometry (GAMOR) is a methodology that, by performing repeated reference assessments with the measurement cavity being evacuated while the reference cavity is held at a constant pressure, can mitigate drifts in dual Fabry-Perot cavity based refractometry. Gas modulation refractometry (GAMOR) is a technique based on a dual-Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity (DFPC) for assessment of gas refractivity, density, and pressure that can alleviate significant. The salts were K3PO4, K2HPO4, Na2HPO4, or Na2CO3. It may also be called a vision test. Sehen Sie sich das Profil von Meg Higgins auf LinkedIn an, dem weltweit größten beruflichen Netzwerk. You may already be familiar with the basics of Microsoft PowerPoint, but there's more to a great presentation than just bullets and text. 3 from the center. Sugar Refractometer 3 Ranges 0 to 80% 300001,02,03,10, Optical by Sper Scientific. It involves the measurement of a compound or a group of compounds present in a complex mixture. We demonstrate that oligodendrocytes express several. Topography and refractometry of sperm cells using spatial light interference microscopy Lina Liu, a,b Mikhail E. A sodium chloride solution with the same refractive index as 35 ppt seawater (which turns out to be 36. Introduction 1. The pull or push technique can be used. The patient is a 46-year-old male who was diagnosed with MDS with excess blasts-2 in July 2017. The AR gathers information about the eye. 255N sulphuric acid and 0. In laboratory medicine, a refractometer is used to measure the total plasma protein in a blood sample and urine specific gravity in a urine sample. Carbohydrates are one of the most important components in many foods. Most students come into the laboratory recognizing that the kidneys play an important role in the elimination of wastes, but many fail to appreciate the vital role of the kidneys in maintaining the precise composition of the extracellular fluids. Polymer Analysis Approaches: Chromatography: Chromatography analysis separates mixtures into individual components, for example, polymer and additives. 5 ppt sodium chloride) has a specific gravity matching 34. Assistant of the pharmaceutical chemistry department Burmas Nataliya Ivanivna e-mail: [email protected] 2m 51s Find and add additional themes. Refractometry is the method of measuring substances' refractive index (one of their fundamental physical properties) in order to, for example, assess their composition or purity. 2410 Differential Refractometer and provides installation and maintenance procedures. Massachusetts General Hospital. An ophthalmic allied health professional assists the ophthalmologist by collecting data, administering tests and treatments, and supervising patients. - Beware of hidden fluid administration (drugs). 0001 for every 1 °C increase in temperature AND -0. The core content areas are: Pupillary Assessment. T1 - Integrated optics refractometry: sensitivity in relation to spectral shifts. Readbag users suggest that Microsoft PowerPoint - Introduction lecture is worth reading. Failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) is the underlying predisposing risk factor for most early losses in dairy calves. A polarimeter is a device for determining the polarisation direction of the light or the rotation of an optically active substance. Build career-advancing skills with live online training courses and on-demand learning. As a result, the osmolality of different types of samples like soft. Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver disease is a major metabolic disorder of high-producing dairy cows that compromises animal performance and, hence, causes heavy economic losses worldwide. Refractometry is a basic and simple technique that can be used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Kevin Costa June 24th, 2019. Analytical Chemistry • Internal interfaces with other chemical areas (e. The global consumer electronic sensors market size is projected to account for over USD 34 billion, by the end of 2022. 3, Bremen 28359, Germany. Following is the table explaining concepts related to Physics laws. General principles of laboratory testing and diagnosis -- section 2. Powerpoint, Access polarimetry, refractometry. Bacterial metabolism is characterized by a remarkable capacity to rapidly adapt to environmental changes. Abbe's Refractometer. We observe that for G force ≤424, the average. Senior Director of Pharmacy and Biomedical Engineering hildren's Mercy Hospital. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and its variants are key technologies for visualizing the dynamics of single molecules or organelles in live cells. Urinalysis is one of the most ancient and basic tests to evaluate the presence, severity, and course of diseases of the kidney and urinary tract. Refractometry pdf Refractometry Page 1 of 6. Refractive index The refractive index is a quantity which is a constant for a pure substance under standard conditions of temperature and pressure. Refractometer users in pharmaceutical research, toxicology testing, compounding, and drug monitoring may require instruments with reliable temperature control, compliance tracking, and specific measurement ranges. His discovery was not known in Europe, and usually the discovery is attributed to Dutch astronomer and mathematician Willebrord. When rays of light pass from one medium into another, they are bent either toward or away from a normal line between the two media. Nov 30, 2016 - Explore nfib's board "Young Entrepreneurs", followed by 3241 people on Pinterest. Unit – I Electrochemistry Part – A Questions & Answers 1. universidad veracruzana. Purpose To examine the prevalence of refractive errors and prevalence and causes of vision loss among preschool and school children in East China. relationship between relative permittivity and refractive index: 2 εr =n (7) (Note that equation (7) applies only when Pel is the sole contributor to the polarization. 2 Patients with FCHL have increased production of apoB, the major protein component of VLDL and LDL. Hence the name flame photometry. If white light were used in the simple Abbe' refractometer optics shown in Figure 2, dispersion would result in the light and dark borderline being in different places for different wavelengths of light. You may select from scales for measuring sodium chloride concentration in percent by weight, specific gravity, freeze point, parts per thousand (ppt), g/100g, density, percent saturation, and even Baume. What is the entropy change of the system when 50. 2019-2020 Basic and Clinical Science Course Complete Set. To preform AR a patient is asked to look at a central target. 3m 43s Embed fonts. caffeine's potential role in reducing perception of pain and soreness during exercise. universidad veracruzana. Experimental results obtained using the most suitable methods are presented. Some meters display salts as ppt (parts per thousand). Notice that the ray does not go straight through the material. Facial twitching ANS: B Periorbital edema is a sign of fluid retention. The pharmaceutical analysis is a branch of chemistry, which involves the series of process for the identification, determination, quantitation, and purification. AOAC International. Clinical biochemistry refers to the analysis of the blood plasma (or serum) for a wide variety of substances—substrates, enzymes, hormones, etc—and their use in diagnosis and monitoring of disease. In the 19th century, Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) offered the first explanation for the sky's brilliant blue color (on a clear day!). Contact Lenses 8. Hermatology of common nondomestic mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians -- section 4. Gene therapy : from dream to (tough) reality Serge Braun, AFM GENE THERAPY : Transfer of genes into cells to prevent or treat diseases Local or systemic administration. 1,4 Nonetheless, some analytes have been found to cause interference and may influence this relationship, such as ketones in the dog, 1 and ketones, protein, and. We present the numerical design of a turn-around-point long-period grating in a photonic crystal fiber (TAP PCFLPG) for high-sensitivity, high-resolution refractometry of gases. For the contact lens practitioner, there are hand-held instruments on the market (Fig. Bloch, Rene; Walters, D. It is being used in many experiments which involved DNA, RNA, and protein isolation. In this study, we examine the widely used assumption that most proteins have dn/dc values in a very narrow range, and reappraise the prediction of dn/dc of unmodified proteins based on. The separation happens when the mixture is heated at a certain temperature where fractions of the mixture start to vaporize. Geometrical optics. Unit – I Electrochemistry Part – A Questions & Answers 1. where π ij is the proportion of test positives, and n ij is the number in group j in the ith study. Micelles are of increasing importance as versatile carriers for hydrophobic substances and nanoprobes for a wide range of pharmaceutical, diagnostic, medical, and therapeutic applications. GUIDED BY, PROF. 3m 43s Embed fonts. Learn new and interesting things. Easily share your publications and get them in front of Issuu’s. Column packings offer greater resistance to flow of liquids in comparison to gases. Lab 2 (cont. The sample is contained as a thin layer (~0. d) Describe different applications of refractometry. Indicated as : Brief History & Preview History Preview Ernst Abbé is a German scientist who was first to develop Abbe’s. FLUID ANALYSIS - Cytologic evaluation + fluid analysis (gross characteristics, WBC & RBC counts, total protein by refractometry). What is Refractometry? Refactometer applications. Regarding affordability and portability, hand refractometry is more convenient and has been successfully applied in clinical trials 4 , 5 , 9 , 18 , 22 and even in the. So this type of refractometer, when perfectly calibrated, will read the specific gravity of 35 ppt seawater to be a bit low, at 1. 1Mining Engineer, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Spokane Research Laboratory, 315 E. Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for "Best PowerPoint Templates" from Presentations Magazine. The concentration of the dissolved gas is related to the pressure of gas over the liquid. 1 mL portion (pH ~1. Here, we. Refractometer users in pharmaceutical research, toxicology testing, compounding, and drug monitoring may require instruments with reliable temperature control, compliance tracking, and specific measurement ranges. In laboratory medicine, a refractometer is used to measure the total plasma protein in a blood sample and urine specific gravity in a urine sample. Water Soluble Solutions (e. We offer weighing, analytical and inspection solutions along our customers' value chain. Analytical Chemistry • Internal interfaces with other chemical areas (e. txt) or view presentation slides online. Classical methods Qualitative identification by color, indicators, boiling or melting points, odour. Build career-advancing skills with live online training courses and on-demand learning. Operates various diagnostic equipment including: Manual Refractometry, Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer, Octopus 300 Machine, Optoview Optic Nerve Scan, Pentacam Topography, IOL Master, Auto. Arago cut a quartz crystal perpendicular to the crystal axis and saw the rotation of linearly. Polarimetry is a sensitive, nondestructive technique for measuring the optical activity exhibited by inorganic and organic compounds. For the water, I took the average of the density of water at 19 °C and 20 °C to find its density at 19. Refractometry. It is being used in many experiments which involved DNA, RNA, and protein isolation. -Refractometry. 1000 ppm = 1 ppt so that 4300 ppm = 4. Relief Watch. Main diagnostic criteria in ophthalmology. This target is useful to help avoid accommodation. there are a lot of different sugars, e. It has built in automatic temperature compensation and produces results in seconds. Living cells are composed of active materials, in which forces are generated by the energy derived from metabolism. 5 ppt sodium chloride) has a specific gravity matching 34. The low cost models within the E-line range of handheld optical refractometers are specifically suited for light industrial use within small to medium sized businesses and by hobbyists handling fruit, beverages, confectionery, jam, honey (see water-in-honey measurements) and other sugar based products as well as for calculating concentration or blend ratios of heat transfer fluids like glycol. The HI96822 is a rugged, portable digital refractometer designed for the measurement of salinity of natural or artificial seawater. Properties of X-rays. Microscopy. , the dosage forms having either single or multi-component formulated product. The amount by which the light is refracted determines the refractive index. Name the plasma proteins measured on a routine chem profile. Salt brine for roads is a mixture of rock salt and water, and can be comprised of one or a combination of different types of salts. com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Glycerol protects RBCs during freezing and thawing, but it can cause hemolysis if not removed ("washed out") before transfusion. renal function is a highly complex area of physiology that is often challenging for students to comprehend (7, 8). Polarimetry is a sensitive, nondestructive technique for measuring the optical activity exhibited by inorganic and organic compounds. coli strain and was shown to direct the synthesis of a soluble, 17-kDa polypeptide. Plug samples of sediment were taken from centers of cores and squeezed in a hydraulic press to separate pore water for chemical analyses. The conductance is defined as the current flow through the conductor. OTDR Trace Analysis of Networks OTDR traces are analyzed to provide information about the loss of a network & whether or not the loss is increasing with time due to introduction of faults (sharp bend, breaks) or the degradation of components (splices, couplers, WDMs etc. The resulting solution was diluted and filtered before analysis of a 0. A comprehensive eye exam is a collection of a bunch of different tests used to diagnose disease and vision impairments. KRÜSS has two classic Abbe refractometers, the AR4 and the AR2008. View Refractometry PPTs online, safely and virus-free! Many are downloadable. Savitribai phule pune UNIVERSITY SEMINAAR ON Miss. We record vibrational spectra with two indirect schemes that depend on the real part of the index of refraction: mid-infrared refractometry and photothermal spectroscopy. This phenomenon can be used to measure the concentration of a liquid solution, as light refracts more when traveling through suspended solids, such as salts or sugars. From carbohydrates and sugar substitutes, to vitamins and additives, we are unique in our commitment to provide fast, accurate testing and labelling information for all applications in this industry. [PDF link given below] INTRODUCTION. Gas Chromatography. Factors such as increasing spending in R&D, growing use of wearable technology, the rising application of various electronic devices such as smart phones, PCs, gaming consoles among others and the development of new products are projected to fuel the growth of the market over. Ingoing Adjustable Refractometry (Spatially Resolved Refractometer) In 1961: - Smirnov used scheiner principle subjective adjustable refractometry Peripheral beams of incoming light are subjectively redirected to a central target to cancel ocular aberrations In 1998: Webb and Bums used spatially Resolved refractometer (SRR) 37 testing spots are. Therefore, when a patient is first seen by a nephrologist, a complete basic investigation of the urine should always be requested. AWRI services during COVID-19 pandemic. Refractive index The refractive index is a quantity which is a constant for a pure substance under standard conditions of temperature and pressure. @article{osti_1407114, title = {Angular filter refractometry analysis using simulated annealing [An improved method for characterizing plasma density profiles using angular filter refractometry]}, author = {Angland, P. The final four (4) hours will allow the participants an opportunity to perform refractometry in plus or minus cylinder (depending on group needs) with the guidance of an instructor. Flame photometry is a process wherein the emission of radiation by neutral atoms is measured. Printed Resources. The pharmaceutical analysis is a branch of chemistry, which involves the series of process for the identification, determination, quantitation, and purification. Knowledge of the refractive index allows you to control the quality of multi-component mixtures and check samples for purity. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine ingestion on muscle soreness, blood enzyme activity, and performance after a bout of elbow flexion/extension exercise. surface mining operations. Polarimetry. Once you have a crisp demarcation between the light and dark regions, turn the handwheel on the right hand side to place the borderline exactly on the center of the crosshairs as shown. 95 par, 4, ppt 399-423. Finally, the TS results from centrifuged samples, as measured by digital refractometry, were plotted against the TS results, as measured by a hand-held refractometry instrument. Neste vídeo utilizamos o refratômetro de Abbe. for the determination of the salt content, water content in honey, serum protein content, Oechsle, Brix and. The authors report on the realization of a novel methodology for refractometry—GAs modulation refractometry (GAMOR)—that decreases the influence of drifts in Fabry Perot cavity refractometry. None found for this test. Because its velocity depends upon the medium in which it is traveling, the electromagnetic radiation’s wavelength, λ, changes. The Course of Masters of Science (MSc) postgraduate level program offered in a majority of colleges and universities in India. Albumin is the major protein component of serum and represents the largest peak that lies closest to the positive. Calves (n=100) were allocated in birth order to one of two commonly used feeding strategies. Refractometry; Manual Manifest Refraction to draft preliminary glasses prescription Scribe for the physician Assist with minor surgery procedures, intraocular injections, and laser treatments in exam room or treatment room, including prepping patients for sterile procedures. However, very little is available for teaching refractometry. The indices of refraction of the media, labelled n1, n2 and. Mark E Wilkinson, OD Plus Cylinder Subjective Refraction Techniques for Clinicians January 2016 UIHC Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences 1 of 8 General Refraction Techniques Prior to starting your refraction, baseline visual acuities (OD, OS and OU) must be determined. Research Grade NMR. 6533989062499996. • External interfaces with other scientific and technical. Use plane polarized light, medium or high power objective and partially closed iris diaphragm If n mineral ≠n oil, a thin line of white light at the grain. The implicit threshold θ i models the trade‐off between true and false‐positive fractions, while α i (accuracy parameter) measures the difference between the true and false. Topography and refractometry of sperm cells using spatial light interference microscopy Lina Liu, a,b Mikhail E. It has built in automatic temperature compensation and produces results in seconds. 3, Bremen 28359, Germany. , solutions in hexane or chloroform): Rinse two to three times with ethanol or acetone, rinse three to four times with deionized water, then put the glassware away. Abbe Refractometers. If white light were used in the simple Abbe' refractometer optics shown in Figure 2, dispersion would result in the light and dark borderline being in different places for different wavelengths of light. Polarimetry is a sensitive, nondestructive technique for measuring the optical activity exhibited by inorganic and organic compounds. The HI96822 is a rugged, portable digital refractometer designed for the measurement of salinity of natural or artificial seawater. You look at a chart, usually 20 feet away, or in a mirror that makes things look like they’re 20 feet away. An ophthalmic allied health professional assists the ophthalmologist by collecting data, administering tests and treatments, and supervising patients. Fourier’s Law. Battery state-of-charge can also be estimated with impedance spectroscopy using the Spectro™ complex modeling method. }, abstractNote = {Here, a new method of analysis for angular filter refractometry images was developed to characterize. In addition, the refractometry TS results for the 2 serum extraction methods were plotted and a Spearman rank coefficient of correlation determined.